UNIT 2. THE EARTH: ATMOSPHERE AND LITHOSPHERE

ATMOSPHERE (GAS)

AIR IS A MIXTURE OF GASES (THE MOST COMMON ARE NITROGEN AND OXYGEN)

AIR HAS NO SHAPE. IT TAKES THE SHAPE OF THE CONTAINER

THE ATMOSPHERE IS A LAYER OF GASES THAT SURROUNDS THE EARTH 

THE ATMOSPHERE IS NECESSARY FOR LIFE ON EARTH BECAUSE:

IT ABSORBS HEAT FROM THE SUN AND KEEPS THE EARTH WARM

IT PROTECTS THE SKIN FROM THE SUN'S RAYS

 

IT HAS GASES, LIKE OXYGEN, THAT LIVING THINGS BREATHE

 

WE NEED TO BREATHE CLEAN AIR

BUT HUMANS POLLUTE AIR IN THE ATMOSPHERE:

with factories

  with vehicles

LITHOSPHERE (SOLID PART OF THE EARTH)

THERE ARE SIX CONTINENTS ON THE EARTH

AMERICA

ASIA

AFRICA

EUROPE

OCEANIA

ANTARTICA

ISLANDS ARE AREAS OF LAND SURROUNDED BY WATER.

ROCKS ARE THE SOLID PART OF LAND.

MINERALS ARE THE MATERIALS THAT FORM ROCKS. 

EXAMPLES: DIAMONDS, RUBIES...

www.minerals.net (the mineral and gemstone kingdom)

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF ROCKS:

IGNEOUS: COME FROM VOLCANOES' LAVA.

GRANITE    

   

BASALT 

SEDIMENTARY: ROCK FRAGMENTS OR ANIMAL/PLANTS FOSSILS. 

CLAY    

LIMESTONE

SANDSTONE

METAMORPHIC: MADE UP FROM IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS.

MARBLE  

  SLATE

 

WE USE THEM FOR

 CONSTRUCTION

FUEL

COAL

OIL